Graeme Wearden 

MPs blast Thomas Cook bosses’ rewards for failures, and demand bonus clawbacks – as it happened

BEIS committee blasts management failures for the collapse of the world’s oldest travel company, and urges bonuses to be clawed back
  
  

Peter Fankhauser, former Thomas Cook CEO, leaving Portcullis House after giving evidence to the business, energy and industrial strategy committee.
Peter Fankhauser, former Thomas Cook CEO, leaving Portcullis House after giving evidence to the business, energy and industrial strategy committee. Photograph: Peter Summers/Getty Images

Afternoon summary

Time for a recap:

The former executives of Thomas Cook have faced heavy criticism from MPs today, over the collapse of the world’s oldest travel company.

The BEIS committee criticised the company for failing to cut its debt pile faster, failing to update its business model, failing to provide accounts that clearly showed its financial position, and failing to write off goodwill on its books sooner.

Former CEO Peter Fankhauser was urged to do the right thing and return some of the bonuses he received during his time at the company. Clawback rules mean that £558,000 of his 2017 bonus could be seized by the insolvency service.

Ex-chairman Frank Meysman came in for particular criticism; he was labeled deluded, and urged to show some humility over the collapse

Meysman tried to pin some of the blame on the UK government, saying that the £900m rescue deal could have been revived if ministers had provided a backstop. It emerged during the hearing that Thomas Cook spoke to ministers from Germany, Spain, Turkey, Bulgaria and Greece in its final days, but no-one from Westminster.

Thomas Cook’s former leadership team also tried to blame the 2018 heatwave, and Brexit uncertainty, for undermining its recovery plan.

But chair Rachel Reeves dismissed the idea that Thomas Cook’s collapse was a tragedy:

A tragedy, though, speaks of something that is out of your hands.

I don’t think this was out of the hands of the company. On the contrary, I would say that that the collapse of Thomas Cook was due to the decisions of the board, including you, Mr Meysman.

Business secretary Andrea Leadsom has defended the government’s refusal to provide financial help last month, saying it would have “thrown good money after bad”.

The opposition Labour party, though, say ministers neglected their duty - at a time when thousands of jobs were at stake. They want a public inquiry.

In other news....

Optimism that a last-minute draft Brexit deal could be agreed tonight has driven the pound to its highest level since May, at nearly $1.28. But some sources are urging caution, as any UK concessions on the Irish border might not be approved by parliament.

The IMF has cut its growth forecasts:

Royal Mail is facing a strike over the Christmas period.

Bank of England governor Mark Carney has warned the global investors are fuelling the climate crisis.

Investors in Neil Woodford’s troubled Equity Income fund have been told the fund is being liquidated, rather than unfrozen. That means they won’t receive any money until January, and could suffer substantial losses.

That’s probably all for today. Thanks for reading and commenting. GW

Updated

The FTSE 250 index has closed at its highest level in a year, as traders cling onto hopes of a Brexit breakthrough.

Energy, consumer goods and services companies, banks and utilities all led the rally.

The blue-chip FTSE 100 index ended the day flat. Banks and housebuilders held their gains, but multinational companies fell - due to the strong pound.

Hold that optimism!

The Guardian’s reporting that the UK has made a key concession, that in principle that there will be a customs border down the Irish Sea after Brexit.

EU officials are now downplaying talk of a Brexit breakthrough......

Shares in banks and house-builders are rising very sharply too in late trading.

Bloomberg’s claim that negotiators are ‘closing in’ on a draft deal has sent Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds Banking Group up by at least 6.5%.

Construction firms are also benefitting, with Barratt Development up 7% and Persimmon gaining 5.9%.

This sudden burst of Brexit optimism has also lifting shares in UK-focused companies.

The FTSE 250 index has surged by 1.8%, to a one-year high.

Back in the markets, the pound has suddenly jumped to its highest level in nearly four months.

Sterling has gained one and a half cents to $1.275 for the first time since 25 June, after Bloomberg reported that the UK and the EU were close to a last-minute draft Brexit deal.

Bloomberg says:

U.K. and European Union negotiators in Brussels are closing in on a draft Brexit deal with optimism that there will be a breakthrough before the end of Tuesday, according to two EU officials, Bloomberg News reports.

Any draft legal text will hinge on whether Prime Minister Boris Johnson believes he has the support of the U.K. Parliament, with the backing of the Northern Irish Democratic Unionist Party crucial.

This has lifted the pound by around one and a half cents today, a substantial move. It means it’s gained five cents in less than a week.

My colleague Andy Sparrow is tracking all the Brexit action, as we head towards a crunch EU summit on Thursday and Friday;

Updated

Q: Thomas Cook’s CEO spoke to five government ministers in the run-up to its collapse, but none of them were from the British government. Shouldn’t you or Grant Shapps have met the company?

Andrea Leadsom says that transport secretary Shapps did speak to the company in September. He also had to build an airline ‘from the ground up’ to bring holidaymakers home, she adds.

Leadsom adds that she’s “very proud” of the government’s operation, despite the committee’s attempts to find problems in it.

Alex Chisholm then suggests that foreign ministers were scrambling to catch up at the last minute, unlike the well-prepared UK; I’m not sure Reeves is 100% convinced by that one!

Q: Did any officials from the business department meet with Thomas Cook in the run-up to its collapse?

Leadsom says there was “significant engagement”, yes, looking at what needed to be done in the event of its failure.

She then adds that the collapse of Thomas Cook was a “truly devastating experience for all those people who lost their jobs, and very worrying for those who were on holiday.”

I was in frequent contact with Grant Shapps during the company’s last weekend, Leadsom adds, and also in contact with the insolvency service, and asking banks to show forbearance to Thomas Cook staff.

Q: Were the plans submitted by Thomas Cook to government on 17th September (a week before it collapsed) compliant with state aid rules?

All government decisions are compliant with state aid rules, replies Leadsom smoothly.

Reeves won’t be put off that easily.

Q: Were the plans submitted by Thomas Cook compliant?

Leadsom says she isn’t sure.

Permanent secretary Alex Chisholm says the issue didn’t arise, as the government didn’t believe the proposal was feasible in the first place.

Why Government decided not to bail out Thomas Cook

Andrea Leadsom’s top civil servant, permanent secretary Alex Chisholm, takes the controls.

He tells Rachel Reeves that contingency plans were drawn up across Whitehall with a co-ordinated plan, in case Thomas Cook collapsed.

Q: But was there any planning to avoid the collapse of the company?!

Chisholm says there were various meeting about Thomas Cook’s funding needs, which changed substantially over the months.

There were talks with the government about what they could do to help.

The government decided not to intervene with a financial bailout. It felt it was not a situation that was viable and sustainable....

Q: Who made that decision?

“The lead cabinet minister responsible”, Chisholm replies, “in consultation with colleagues”.

[That appears to put the blame on Grant Shapps.....]

Q: Why would the transport secretary make that decision, rather than the business secretary?

Leadsom intervenes, and attempts to bat the blame over to the Treasury!

The Treasury took a very close look at the situation, the business secretary says, and concluded it would be “throwing good money after bad”. It wouldn’t be possible to restore the company to health, she insists.

Updated

Leadsom probed over Thomas Cook

With excellent timing, Business Secretary Andrea Leadsom is in front of the BEIS committee, to discuss her department’s work.

Thomas Cook isn’t officially on the agenda, but chair Rachel Reeves makes it the first order of business!

Q: When were you first made aware that Thomas Cook was seeking government help?

Leadsom says he was first aware of its significant problems “probably a month before Thomas Cook finally went into liquidation” [so mid-August?].

At that time, she was also being briefed on a huge number of other issues, including other companies in trouble and various policy briefs.

[Leadsom was appointed on 24 July 2019, so this would be early in her tenure].

Q: Who told you?

Leadsom can’t quite remember, but suspects it was a policy update in her ministerial box.

Q: What discussions did you have with transport secretary Grant Shapps?

Leadsom says she sees Shapps most days at various committee meetings, so they’d had a number of conversations.

The week before Thomas Cook went into liquidation, there was a cabinet office meeting on the contingency plans, she adds.

Q: Peter Fankhauser told us that he was told to only deal with the Department for Transport. Why?

Leadsom says there is a ‘lead department’ for all major companies. The DfT is responsible for Thomas Cook, while BEIS officials were working closely with it.

Thomas Cook staff unimpressed by boardroom performance

The Press Association have spoken to some of Thomas Cook’s former staff, and it’s fair to say they’re not impressed by this morning’s performance.

George, who spent four-and-a-half years as cabin crew for Thomas Cook, said CEO Peter Fankhauser, chairman Frank Meysman sounded “deluded”.

“We were consistently told that everything was okay - ‘everything was going to be fine, it’s all going through, everything’s going to be fine’.”

Lynn McKeller, who spent 31 years as Thomas Cook cabin crew, was very disappointed that the company didn’t seek UK government help.

“The fact Peter Fankhauser didn’t do anything to contact any government minister, that’s hard.

Elaine Coxhall, 48, from East Grinstead, West Sussex, who worked for three years as air crew from Gatwick, said:

“[Thomas Cook executives] should never be on the board of any company again.”

“Even on the Saturday before it went under we got an email saying ‘It’s going to be fine, business as usual, there’s going to be a little bit of noise in the media but it’s going to be fine’.”

Speaking of Brexit... the pound has been jittery today after Britain was given a midnight deadline to make new concessions to get a deal done.

Our Brussels bureau chief Daniel Boffey explains:

Michel Barnier has set Boris Johnson a midnight deadline to concede to EU demands and agree to a customs border in the Irish Sea or be left with nothing to take to the Commons.

According to sources, the EU’s chief negotiator told ministers that, as it stood, there was little prospect of a deal being signed off by leaders at a summit on Thursday, before a special sitting of the UK parliament on Saturday.

Legal text had yet to be tabled by the British negotiators, Barnier told ministers in Luxembourg.

Sterling hit a five-month high against the euro this morning, at €1.151, on hopes that a no-deal can be avoided.

The IMF’s chief economist, Gina Gopinath, has predicted that a no-deal Brexit would cut the size of the UK economy by 3%.

Another clip from this morning’s hearing:

Just in: The International Monetary Fund has cut its growth forecasts.

The Fund now expects global growth to be 3% in 2019 – down from 3.6% last year and a 0.3 percentage point cut from its April forecast.

US is forecast to be the fastest growing of the G7 industrial nations this year, at 2.4%. Britain’s growth rate is predicted to be 1.2%, the same as France, but stronger than Japan (0.9%), recession-threatened Germany (0.5%) and Italy (0%).

The IMF has also warned that protectionism, such as the US-China trade war, is hurting the world economy, forcing policymakers to use scarce ammunition to stimulate growth.

More here:

Labour demands inquiry into Thomas Cook's collapse

Rebecca Long Bailey MP, Labour’s Shadow Business Secretary, has accused the government of dereliction of duty, over the collapse of Thomas Cook last month.

She’s appalled to hear today that no ministers spoke directly with the company in its final days, although tourism ministers from Spain, Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey were all in touch (as explained earlier in this blog).

Long Bailey says:

“There has been a clear dereliction of duty by the government.

“It is shameful that ministers failed to make contact with Thomas Cook at such a vital time when other international governments were stepping in, and failed to examine the excessive bonus culture when it was very publicly facing difficulties.

“There must be a full public inquiry into the government’s handling of this scandal.”

Reeves 1-0 Meysman.....

BEIS committee member Anna Turley MP is appalled to hear that no government ministers spoke to Thomas Cook in its final days (as we heard earlier)

Here’s a great clip of the BEIS committee putting Thomas Cook’s bosses on the spot:

BEIS committee member Peter Kyle is discussing this morning’s hearing on Sky News now.

He says MPs are going to “go very deep” in its inquiry into Thomas Cook (they’ll hear from its auditors next week, plus former CEOs Harriet Green and Manny Fontenla-Novoa).

Kyle says he’s concerned that Thomas Cook was carrying so much goodwill on its accounts, until it was forced to reduce it by £1bn.

This is a theme in recent business failures, he warns, pointing to the recent collapse of construction firm Carillion, which was carrying £3bn of goodwill. This is very hard to assess, and not an asset that can be sold or lent against.

What about Thomas Cook’s heavy use of one-off special items and underlying profits?Kyle fears the company has attempted to “scatter” the difficulties it faced, making it hard to see the true picture.

Yahoo Finance have also written about the heavy criticism dumped on the heads of Thomas Cook’s ex-board.

They say:

Rachel Reeves, chair of the the Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) select committee, on Tuesday called Thomas Cook chairman Frank Meysman “deluded” about the state of the business before its collapse.

“Frank Meysman talked about the tragedy that happened on that Sunday in September when the company went out of business — tragedy, though, speaks of something that is out of your hands,” Reeves said.

“I don’t think this is something that was out of the hands of the board of the company. On the contrary, I would say that the collapse of Thomas Cook was due to the decisions of the board of the company, including you Mr Meysman and Peter Fankhauser.”

Rachel Reeves has spoken to Sky’s Paul Kelso outside Portcullis House, and repeated her call for Thomas Cook’s board to hand back some of their pay.

Peter Fankhauser faced fresh questions about his bonuses as he left today’s hearing, from journalists waiting outside Portcullis House in Westminster.

Thomas Cook’s former CEO didn’t say much new, beyond repeating that he won’t make any decision today on whether to hand back some of his pay, before being pursued into a waiting taxi in a flurry of microphones, TV cameras and snappers.

BALPA, the pilots’ union, has criticised Peter Fankhauser and crew for their performance before the BEIS committee today.

BALPA General Secretary, Brian Strutton, says:

“It is right that those at the top of Thomas Cook are held to account for the company’s collapse. Sadly, today, in response to excellent questioning by the committee, we heard lots of obfuscation, and precious little remorse from executives.

“We also place significant blame with the UK Government who could have backed a temporary bridging facility to keep this company going, saving the thousands of jobs which have been lost.

“We continue to support Thomas Cook pilots in finding new work but the scars of this collapse will no doubt run deep with them for many years to come.”

Here’s The Times’ take on the Thomas Cook hearing:

Bosses of Thomas Cook were “rewarded for failure” after attempting to hide the true scale of the company’s losses as it teetered on the brink of collapse, MPs said today.

Members of the tour giant’s board were strongly criticised today as they were hauled before MPs for the first time since the 178-year-old firm was placed in compulsory liquidation last month.

The cross-party business committee accused managers of attempting to effectively massage the books over eight years by withholding £1.8 billion-worth of spending from its headline financial results.

Rachel Reeves, the committee’s Labour chairman, said the company’s debts were an “awful lot worse than the figures you were trying to present to the market”, adding that this “all caught up with you in the end”.

More here:

Mark Carney added that that some people in the financial markets will make money whichever direction Brexit takes.

The governor told the Treasury committee (on a busy morning for committees) that:

“On no-deal some people will become wealthier as a consequence of that, yes. Others will become poorer - they [winners] will be outnumbered by the number who become poorer.”

And on Facebook’s Libra, Carney said the cryptocurrency is either going to be regulated properly globally “or it’s not going to happen” - and he says he’s confident that will be the view of the G7 and G20 financial stability board.

“This will not be like social media. This will not be a case where something gets up and starts running and then the system tries to figure out after the fact how it’s going to regulate it.

“It’s either going to be regulated properly, overseen properly, or it’s not going to happen.”

Carney: global investors driving global warming

While the BEIS committee was eviscerating Thomas Cook’s failures, Bank of England governor Mark Carney was being quizzed about climate change.

This continued from his comments in our exclusive interview at the weekend.

In stark analysis of the world’s financing of carbon-intensive assets, he says the global capital markets - where companies sell their bonds and shares to investors to fund their activities - are on a track to lift the temperature of the planet by more than 4 degrees C above pre-industrial levels.

That’s double the target of the Paris climate agreement is to keep temperature rises well below 2c to avert catastrophe.

Carney says he based the assessment on fund management firms that have analysed the climate-linked assets in their portfolios, including the massive $1.6tn Japan Pension Fund, which he says holds assets consistent with a 3.7 degrees rise. The fund is attempting to manage that down, he says.

Axa, another investment manager, prices US government debt at “5.4C”, he says, reflecting the carbon intensive nature of the US economy. The UK is much lower, he says.

Some companies are ahead of the game, Carney says, but many others are waiting for policies to change:

“Policy is not yet consistent with stabilising temperatures below 2c. There are some companies out ahead, either because of their stakeholders, or because they’re anticipating that that will change. But there are others that are waiting for the policies to adjust”

Updated

Here’s a snap summary of the key points from today’s blistering inquiry:

Reeves: Show some dignity, and repay your bonus!

Finally, Rachel Reeves MP chastises the former Thomas Cook bosses for their failure to run the company properly, or to show dignity at today’s inquiry.

A travel company is a simple business at heart, the BEIS committee chair says.

You send people on holiday, make sure they have a good time, and bring them back. Thomas Cook couldn’t get that right, so it failed - and that failure touched a lot of people a lot harder than it touched the five well-paid executives in front of the committee.

You’ve all given your apologies, Reeves continues. But frankly, as seen time and time again on this committee, apologies are the easy bit. The hard bit is to resign from other other directorships, and recognised you have a lot to learn.

And... to:

Give back some of the huge rewards that you have not earned, Mr Peter Fankhauser, but you have received.

And with a final flourish, she urges Peter Fankhauser, Frank Meysman, Martine Verluyten, Sten Daugaard and Warren Tucker to reflect on the dignity which other Thomas Cook workers have shown, but which the committee has not seen today.

And with that, they’re dismissed...

Updated

Reeves: Management failure led to Thomas Cook's collapse

Rachel Reeves rounds the session up, with a scathing, magisterial dismissal of some of the excuses we’ve heard this morning.

She begins by dismissing former chairman Frank Meysman claim that a “tragedy” occurred one Saturday in September, when Thomas Cook went under.

Reeves says:

A tragedy, though, speaks of something that is out of your hands.

I don’t think this was out of the hands of the company. On the contrary, I would say that that the collapse of Thomas Cook was due to the decisions of the board, including you, Mr Meysman.

Reeves says “a series of misjudgements made by management” led to the inevitable collapse of the world’s oldest travel firm, namely:

  • A failure to deal with the debt, not accumulated by Peter Fankhauser, but not dealt with in the five years he was in charge, or under Meysman’s chairmanship
  • A failure to write down goodwill. It “can’t be true” that goodwill was worth £2.5bn one minute and £1.5bn the next -- and now worth nothing.
  • The use of special disclosed items in the financial accounts seem to be “anything but special, as they occurred year after year.”
  • All of the special events -- good weather, terrorism, volcanic ash -- every year there was some special item that helped to hide the underlying problems, rather than reveal the underlying state of the company.
  • Failure to sell parts of the business that could have saved other parts; including the failure to sell the airline, failure to sell the travel agencies, the failure to raise the extra £200m needed.

She then dismisses Meysman’s claim that Thomas Cook was “almost there” with its rescue plan.

Then looking to the back of the room, Reeves points out that former Thomas Cook staff have attending the hearing, in their uniforms, showing their commitment to the company.

They do your company proud, and you should reflect, Mr Fankhauser, what you can do to put something back and say sorry to the people whose jobs you have taken and whose holidays you have ruined.

I hope you will go away and reflect on the huge salaries you have earned, and what you can do to put right what you’ve done wrong, she adds.

Updated

Anna Turley MP turns to pensions.

Q: How is it fair that Peter Fankhauser got a pension contribution of 30% of his salary?

Fankhauser says that’s a matter for the remuneration committee, but adds he faces a “considerable impairment” of his pension accumulated between 2001 and 2013 in Germany, when he was running Thomas Cook’s European operations.

He reiterates that he won’t defend his pay - that’s was set by the company - and adds that he has lost £4m of shares.

Warren Tucker confirms that Thomas Cook’s executive pay packets were “large by any standard” and when compared to average pay at the company (a fine statement of the bleedin’ obvious).

Turley points out that Thomas Cook’s workers face uncertainty over their own pensions, and the committee needs to keep a close eye on this.

Reeves: Bonuses must be clawed back

BEIS committee chair Rachel Reeves circles back to the pay question -- how much of the £20m of board bonuses paid out in the last five years be clawed back?

Warren Tucker says that Peter Fankhauser received £1.7m in bonuses. One third has been lost, and the clawback procedures means the rest of the 2017 bonus could be clawed back, if the liquidator decides it is appropriate.

It could be £558,000.

Fankhauser’s £4m of shares has already been lost.

Q: What about other bonuses?

Tucker says the finance director received a £400k bonus in 2017 - and it could also be clawed back.

Q: So should they be clawed back?

That’s up to the people running the business now, says Tucker.

There are four criteria that have to be met -- Statement of the accounts, reputational damage, gross misconduct and financial failure.

Well, the financial failures and reputational damage boxes have been “absolutely ticked” says Reeves triumphantly.

Q: So shouldn’t the bonuses be clawed back, in your view?

Tucker argues that Fankhauser worked “exhaustively” to save the company.....

Reeves (who doesn’t appear very impressed by the witnesses) lets rip again:

Q: What’s the point of clawback policies if you can’t claw back a bonus when a company collapses, taking jobs, taxpayers money and the hopes and dreams of your customers. You put those facilities in place!

Tucker says the bonuses can be clawed back - it’s up to the liquidator.

Back in the Grimond Room, the BEIS committee want to know whether Thomas Cook accepts it shouldn’t have paid such large bonuses.

Q: With hindsight, have you learned anything or would you have done the same thing?

Warren Tucker, who was responsible as remuneration committee chair, concedes that bonuses were mis-structured - there was too much focus on profits, and not on cash-flow generation.

With hindsight, we wouldn’t have paid the 2% pay rises either.

Q: You’re a non-executive director at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office - has anyone asked you about your suitability for that role?

Tucker says he left the board in May, so “none of these events” coincided with his time at the FCO.

I just checked, and he started at the FCO in 2015.....

Q: What about other former Thomas Cook executives?

Frank Meysman says he has tendered his resignation from two other boards,and been asked to stay on. Martine Verluytem says the same happened to her - the two boards she serves on believes she provides value.

“That is fascinating”, Kyle tells the pair -- which may be a polite way of saying “surprising”.

Updated

Carney: Some investors will 'get lucky' on Brexit

Catherine McKinnell, the temporary chair of the Treasury committee, asks Mark Carney about financial firms betting on the outcome of Brexit on the currency markets.

It’s a politically-charged question for the governor - given Boris Johnson has received political donations from hedge fund bosses who back Brexit.

Carny reels through the (relatively new) rules for the $6tn global currency market, which was found to be a hotbed of insider trading and manipulation a few years back in a major scandal.

Under the Bank’s “senior managers regime,” finance industry managers have direct personal responsibility for conduct up and down their organisations, he says.

The governor says Brexit developments are driving movements in the currency at the moment, and that the pound will certainly move up or down over the coming days and weeks.

While financial stability can be maintained, he adds:

“There will be some financial institutions and maybe some individuals associated with those institutions who have correctly predicted, or got lucky, on which direction sterling ends up going. And they will potentially make a lot of money.”

Carney quizzed on succession plan

Elsewhere in Westminster Mark Carney, the governor of the Bank of England is answering questions from the Treasury Select Committee.

The MPs have taken questions from the public, including on Twitter, to quiz the governor. First up: When will your successor be recruited and hired?

Carney highlights two things: Sajid Javid’s recent comment that the process is on track, but that parliament is “quite occupied with some urgent affairs of state”.

He says there is however ample time for the government to hire his successor and that a wide range of qualified candidates are there to pick from.

“Whereas I was appointed several months before I took office, there are examples, including of the ECB, where the most recent president, Mario Draghi was appointed a few weeks in advance of taking office.”

“[Britain] will have a highly qualified governor, a more highly qualified governor, in the new year.”

Carney says there will be an orderly transition, adding:

“The government and this process has encouraged a very wide range of high quality people to apply. It’s afforded a good set of options for the government to consider.”

Peter Kyle returns to the Thomas Cook bonuses.

Q: The collapse of your company has created real suffering for your employees. You’ve not suffered the same way. Why have you not put your hand into your own pocket?

Peter Fankhauser says he won’t defend his pay, compared to ordinary workers. But he repeats that he worked “exhaustively and very hard” to try to rescue the company -- adding that he wasn’t paid in September.

[Reminder: Fankhauser received £8.4m during his tenure as chief executive at Thomas Cook, including £4.6m in bonuses]

Q: How can chairman Frank Meysman justify receiving over £4m over the years?

Meysman says he was paid £275,000 per year, over his six years, plus £30,000 in expenses as he lives in Belgium.

Q: OK, but can you justify that.

Meysman says that’s for others to judge, but insists he did the job “for pleasure”, and had also bought shares with his own money.

Q: Does Warren Tucker (remuneration committee chair) agree that bonuses were paid as a reward for failure?

Tucker tries to defend the use of underlying profits for bonuses, but “Absolutely, at the end I agree” that the company failed.

MP: Thomas Cook looked like a gambling addict, hooked on debt

Peter Kyle MP asks how the board addressed the rising crisis that subsumed Thomas Cook.

Former chair Frank Meysman says board members discussed how to cut its debt levels, and devised a plan to cut the pile by £100m per year.

Q: But your plans didn’t work, so was the crisis ‘normalised’?

Meysman says Thomas Cook did raise £400m through a rights issue, sold £350m of assets. Steps were taken, he insists.

Q: But that just shows you were reacting to the crisis!

Meysman says the company had a strategic plan - managing more of its own hotels, a new tie-up in China with Fosun, and a focus on Russia. But the overriding priority was to lower debts, thus the restructuring plan.

Q: But you’re travelling around the world, asking people to lend you more money. You look like a gambling addict, trying to open more credit cards to keep your addiction running.

Meysman tried to sweep this aside. He says the £900 rescue plan was a “great plan”, saving employees and hoteliers, and not costing the government anything (he claims) - until it collapsed on 22 September when the government refused to provide help.

Q: But you wanted £200m of support, and that would have been swallowed up by your £150m debt servicing costs, postponing the inevitable.

Meysman says those debt repayments were a “heavy heavy load”.

Fankhauser adds that he was in ‘close contact’ with UK government bodies, with around 100 meetings in the last year.

That included a meeting with Grant Shapps, transport secretary, on 9th September, when Fankhauser told Shapps that TC’s banks were seeking additional financing to underpin the rescue plan.

Q: Did you have any contact with the business department in the run-up to your collapse?

Fankhauser says no, because the transport department told him not to!

We covered this last month:

Rachel Reeves asks whether Thomas Cook spoke to government ministers in other countries.

Apparently they spoke to lots!

Peter Fankhauser says he spoke to the tourism ministers of Spain, Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece, who were concerned about the situation.

He says that he knows that some of them contacted the UK government, and were told they’d “See you on Monday in New York”.

That, I think, must refer to the UN Climate Summit which began on Monday 23rd, attended by Boris Johnson.

Why did government ministers not help?

Fankhauser adds that Thomas Cook engaged intensively with the government, at the highest level, in the days before its collapse.

We were “pretty confident”, he says, but then on Sunday 22nd September the company realised that it faced a cliff-edge - without government support, the game was up.

Fankhauser says that at 5pm that day he realised he “had to throw in the towel” when he spoke to a “high official” on the phone, and learned that the government wouldn’t support the plan.

Q: Did you speak to any ministers on that Sunday?

No, Fankhauser replies. We were clearly told earlier that week that the point of contact was the officials who were sitting in our meetings.

The committee look astonished.

Q: Didn’t you try to challenge this?

Fankhauser says no, but adds that the company did have contact with officials in Number 10 Downing Street.

The other Thomas Cook executives confirm that they didn’t speak to a minister either!

Q: Do you regret that, Mr Meysman? (former TC chair).

Meysman suggests that with hindsight, things could have been different (not the first time he’s cited hindsight).

Q: Who did you speak to at Fosun?

The chairman.

Q: But when it comes to the government, you only spoke to an official?

Yes.

Updated

Fankhauser: Government support would have been vital

Q: Would it have been in the taxpayers’ interest to rescue Thomas Cook?

Former chair Frank Meysman says that this is a matter for governments, but points out that other governments have taken a different view. Germany, for example, has bailed out the Condor airline (which is profitable).

He then throws an elbow at the government for simply sending an email on Sunday 22nd September (the day before the collapse) saying it wouldn’t provide support.

I wish someone from the government would have come and sat down with us, and the chairs of its banks - who were in the country - Meysman says.

Former CEO Peter Fankhauser agrees that government support on that Sunday would have been vital. He says Thomas Cook had worked out that the cost of its collapse to the taxpayer was higher than the amount of extra money it needed to keep going.

Q: But wouldn’t a bailout have simply delayed the inevitable?

We would have been one of the best funded travel companies in Europe if the recapitalision plan had gone ahead, Fankhauser insists, waving his hands in the air as he insists the company could have had a bright future.

Q: But what would have changed?

Fankhauser says Thomas Cook would have had a new rolling credit facility, money from the bondholders, maybe new investment from elsewhere (if Fosun allowed it).

Plus, enough money to get through the winter, expand in China, expand its online business, because the debt burden would have been lifted.

Frank Field: Thomas Cook bosses should hand money back

Frank Field MP, Chair of the Work and Pensions Committee, has urged Thomas Cook’s former top brass to do the right thing, and hand their bonuses to the firm’s pension fund.

Field says:

“Thomas Cook workers now face a long wait to find out exactly how much they’ve lost from their life savings, and while their former bosses might argue that this isn’t another BHS, Carillion or British Steel, they will have a hard time justifying the millions they pocketed, one eye on the door, while the company collapsed around them.

“If they’ve had a chance to check how their own pensions are affected, perhaps the high-paid executives responsible would like to bolster the retirement of some of the workers they left behind, and give some of it back?”

Government blamed for Thomas Cook's collapse

Former chairman Frank Meysman blames the UK government’s lack of support for driving Thomas Cook to the wall three weeks ago.

He claims that all the parties were still committed to the £900m rescue deal at 4pm on “that famous, tragic Sunday” [the day before the company failed].

But only if the government would step in with a backstop to underwrite the rescue plan on the table.

The representatives of the banks and Fosun (the Chinese investors) told us that “we are still supporting this deal, providing the government has a role to play in the project”, Meysman insists.

Rachel Reeves (an opposition Labour MP) isn’t impressed by this argument -- the government didn’t build up Thomas Cook’s debt pile!

Q: What did Fosun and the banks want the government to do?

Meysman says Thomas Cook had three requests:

  • Either £150m-£250m,
  • or exert power to bring the parties together,
  • or allow it to use the current infrastructure to bring holidaymakers back, if the company collapsed

Reeves says the demand for a backstop shows that Fosun and the banks didn’t believe in the rescue plan at all. Why wouldn’t they provide this extra £200m of support?

Meysman says he doesn’t know, expect that the banks and Fosun believed they were already making an appropriate contribution to the plan.

[Explainer: Under this plan, Fosun was paying £450m for a majority stake in Thomas Cook’s tour-operating business and a stake in its airline. Banks and bondholders provided the other £450m, taking the remaining stake in the tour operator and a 75% stake in the airline. The banks had also agreed to write off more than £1.7bn of debt in return for a stake in the business.]

The committee are now asking about Thomas Cook’s last few weeks, when it became clear it needed more money.

Q: When did you learn that the banks required £200m of extra funding? Which date in August?

Fankhauser agrees to report back which date he was told about a “downcase scenario” which would require extra funding of £150m-£200m.

He says he knew that this scenario existed on 28 August when Thomas Cook announced it had agreed a £900m rescue deal that will give the Chinese conglomerate Fosun.

But, he says it wasn’t a formal request from the banks at that stage.

This is a crucial issue -- this extra funding demand cause the collapse of the Fosun deal.

Q: But why didn’t the lenders provide the extra funding?

Fankhauser says he doesn’t know.

Updated

My colleague Rob Davies is tweeting the key points from the hearing:

Q: Why didn’t Thomas Cook’s management realise that its rescue plan was going wrong?

Peter Fankhauser insists he believed the plan would work - the company tested “every day at four o’clock” that the deal could work.

Q: So every day at four o’clock you were wrong?

With hindsight you can say that, Fankhauser replies.

Q: Why did Thomas Cook underestimate the amount of money it needed to save it?

Fankhauser says the company tried to sell its airline, to generate cash to help tide it through this winter, along with fresh bank financing.

But it then realised that this plan wouldn’t work, because the company wasn’t generating enough cash.

Q: But wasn’t this just a fantasy sale, it would never have worked?

Fankhauser denies it, he says Thomas Cook devised a complicated refinancing plan.

But then the company came under pressure this summer from suppliers, and from credit card merchants. Plus, the refinancing costs were putting pressure on cashflow, Fankhauser says.

He then explains how Thomas Cook’s financial needs spiralled:

On 12 July, we said we needed £750m in recapitalisation. Then on 12 August we saw that would not work, so we needed another £150m to £900m. Then we were stuck.

Q: Can’t you see that this looks like a company out of control, and downplaying the difficulties you faced to your investors, and your staff?

It could look that way, Fankhauser agrees, but he insists that’s not what happened.

Rachel Reeves MP turns to the sale of Thomas Cook’s shops to Hays Travel, a family owned firm (excellently profiled here).

Q: Can they make a success of it?

“I wish they can. I honestly do,” Peter Frankhauser replies.

The former Thomas Cook CEO says that “one of the brighter days in recent weeks” was when he learned that Hays would take on the stores and save around 2,000 jobs.

The retail business runs on commissions - he explains, so if Hays can renegotiate leases, create a much leaner debt structure, then “for sure” it can be successful.

I wish them all the luck, he adds.

Reeves homes in on the debt issue. Surely Hays, which doesn’t have a large debt pile, is doing things right - and Thomas Cook did it wrong.

Fankfauser says Thomas Cook already had a big debt pile when he arrived in 2014 -- but he wasn’t fast enough in reducing it.

But he insists that Thomas Cook, with its large operations including an airline, is much more complicated than a simple travel agent.

But the insolvency service has taken decisive steps in three weeks, Reeves replies scathingly. You had five years!

Fankhauser says he was trying to save the whole business, rather than simply selling assets off in bits.

But look what happened in the end, Reeves hits back. The whole company collapsed, stranding 150,000 people.

Back to the bonuses, and Warren Tucker (former remuneration committee chair) confirms that underlying profitability was used to set bonuses.

Why?!

Tucker claims they didn’t want to “disincentivise” executives from taking necessary investment decisions which would hit earnings.

Stephen Kerr MP says this smells very fishy -- wouldn’t it be great if everyone could just ignore irritating costs they’d rather ignore?

This board was rewarded for failure, Kerr insists.

Thomas Cook management roasted over management failures

The former Thomas Cook executives are claiming that their business was complicated, needed turning around, so it was right to class some losses as ‘one-off’ items on its balance sheet.

Chair Rachel Reeves dispute the argument -- she argues that Thomas Cook used exceptional items to burnish its balance sheet, and give a rosier picture.

Q: In the end, this focus on underlying profits caught up with you, didn’t it?

Chairman Frank Meysman denies it -- saying there was “a lot of effort” underway to reduce debts, offer exciting new holidays.

He tries to paint a picture of success....saying the firm had 20 million happy customers, exciting new routes, a joint venture in China was looking good. There was a lot of restructuring underway, he insists....

Reeves has heard enough!

She reminds Meysman that he has been summoned to the committee because 9,000 people have lost their jobs, and 150,000 holidaymakers had to be brought home at a cost to the taxpayer.

With all respect, Mr Meysman, you can point to as many successes as you like, but you have brought down a 178 year old business with huge repercussions for customers, staff, and taxpayers.

So you can point to the successes, but I’ll point to the failures and they hugely outweigh the successes.

Reeves points out that Meysman and his former colleagues began the session by apologising, but was that contrition genuine?....

I think you’re deluded about the business you ran.

You chaired a business that has gone under because of the decisions made collectively by your management team. When you point to your successes, maybe show a little more humility.

Ouch!

Stephen Kerr MP takes issue with the claim that Thomas Cook was trading well. You only made a profit in 2015, he insists -- every other year recently was a loss.

Q: So how can you justify bonuses?

Fankhauser says that some bonus payments came from a “long-term incentive plan”, to reward turning the UK business around.

Kerr points out that Thomas Cook regularly classed losses as “exceptional items”, allowing it to report an underlying loss.

Q: You did this for eight years -- and eventually your auditors raised concerns, so how can they be valid?

Former chair Frank Meysman agrees that this is a “high value”, but insist they were valid.

Q: Buy you needed to use underlying profitability to give confidence to your banks and investors...

Meysman insists that there was no deceit, everyone knew the situation.

Chair: Heatwave and Brexit meant debt were unsustainable

Former chairman Frank Meysman is now challenged -- why did Thomas Cook not write down its goodwill earlier?

Meysman argues that trading looked strong, so there was no need to.

But wasn’t it a serious mistake to wait until May 2019 to booking a £1.1bn goodwill impairment relating to the merger with MyTravel, a decade ago?

Meysman denies it -- he claims that it wasn’t clear in 2018 that Thomas Cook couldn’t hit the growth targets it aimed for.

He insists that Thomas Cook’s £1.2bn debt pile was the ultimate cause of its demise.

Once “the heatwave” in 2018 came, and “the anxiety of Brexit”, the company realised it needed a new business plan, Meysman adds. That led to the profit warning in November 2018.

Antoinette Sandbach MP turns to Thomas Cook’s accounts. She points out that Thomas Cook’s last full accounts included £2.5bn of goodwill.

That was based on strong earnings growth (28% per year, for three years) .

Q: A few months later, the company slashed £1bn off its goodwill -- so was it a mistake not to write down earlier?

Audit committee chair Martine Verluyten says the company honestly believed trading would strengthen after a tough 2017.

Q: But what was earnings growth in 2018?

There was a decrease in earnings, due to a “loss of faith in the business”, Verluyten replies.

Q: Don’t you think slashing £1bn off your goodwill contributed to this loss of faith?

Verluyten reiterates that the company believed its forecasts were accurate.

Q: Why were the debts so high?

Peter Fankhauser says Thomas Cook’s debts were high when he joined in 2014, so he tried to bring them down.

By May 2018 we were in a good position, he insists, with good bookings and cash generation. But he (then claims) that the summer heatwave hit trading hard.

Q: So it was a trading failure, not a financial one?

Fankhauser argues that tougher trading made it harder to tackle the financial challenges from the debt pile. He claims the company was taking the right steps.

Updated

Former CFO Sten Daugaard says he joined the company in 2018, after two profit warnings.

He says the company’s “very high” debt made it hard to execute the turnaround plan. Plus, the company wasn’t generating enough cash to pay down debts.

Q: So was Thomas Cook’s collapse inevitable?

Daugaard says he has been through five successful restructurings in his career. He believe Thomas Cook could have been turned around, by cutting costs and becoming more efficient.

But, the high debt levels and debt servicing costs made it harder.

Updated

Warren Tucker, former chair of the remuneration committee, says he is also sorry that Thomas Cook couldn’t be rescued.

Former CFO Sten Daugaard also associates himself with Fankhauser’s opening contrite statement, as does former chair Frank Meysman and former audit chair Martine Verluyten. She says “I always feel terribly sorry about what happened”.

Updated

Fankhauser urged to hand bonuses back

Committee chair Rachel Reeves turns to the issue of bonuses.

Q: Some £20m was paid to executives in the last five years -- so will Peter Fankhauser repay his bonuses?

Fankhauser says he worked “extremely hard and exhaustively” to earn his basic pay, and didn’t get any bonus in 2018 and 2019.

Half of my pay was in shares, he adds, and he’s never sold a single one (they’re now worthless).

He also confirms that board rules mean that only bonuses from the last two years could be clawed back.

Q: What was your bonus in 2017?

Fankhauser says he received around £750,000 - 30% in shares. He won’t say whether he’ll hand it back.

Although he “fully understands” the sentiment, and the views of the public, he also argues that he “worked tirelessly” to try to save the company during his five years as CEO.

Reeves presses him hard on this -- the company went into the rocks on his watch, so how can he justify a bonus? Saying sorry is one thing, but we’re not seeing much practical contrition.

Fankhauser, sensing the mood in the room, says he will “take it back, and consider what is right, but I will not decide today”.

Updated

Fankhauser: I'm deeply sorry

Former CEO Peter Fankhauser speaks first.

He tells the committee that he is “deeply sorry that we couldn’t save this iconic brand, and this company with a long, long history.”

I’m deeply sorry about this failure, and deeply sorry for the distress to customers, and suppliers, he says, adding:

I’m especially sorry to all my colleagues who worked tirelessly to make Thomas Cook a better company.

He adds that he’s grateful for the professional work that the CAA has done to bring holidays home, and especially proud of the 2,000 colleagues who helped -- showing the company’s commitment to its customers.

Q: But what are you actually sorry for, Mr Fankhauser?

Not not being able to turn around the company “at pace”, and to reduce Thomas Cook’s debt pile, Fankhauser replies.

He says the debt pile made the job much harder -- saying £1.2bn was paid in interest and refinancing costs.

Imagine what a better place Thomas Cook would be in, if only half of it had been re-invested, he adds.

Q: What would you have done differently?

Fankhauser says he would have pushed the transformation faster.

Thomas Cook inquiry begins

The business committee’s inquiry is underway.

MPs will hear from Peter Fankhauser (former CEO); Frank Meysman (former chairman); Sten Daugaard (former CFO); Martine Verluyten (former chair of the audit committee); and Warren Tucker (former chair of the remuneration committee).

Several former Thomas Cook cabin crew are in the room.

You can watch it live, here (right-click to open in a new tab).

While we’re waiting in the departure lounge for the inquiry to begin, do check out our interview with John and Irene Hays.

They’re the husband and wife team who bought Thomas Cook’s 555 high street travel agencies this week, and hope to hire thousands of workers who lost their jobs when the firm collapsed.

Here’s a flavour:

“People have portrayed us as country bumpkins,” says John, 70, who founded Sunderland-based Hays Travel from the back of his mother’s childrenswear shop in 1980. “We’ll see what they think in a couple of years’ time.”

The pair have a Herculean task ahead of them, picking up at least some of the pieces left over from one of the worst corporate failures in UK history.

The demise of Thomas Cook has so far resulted in 8,123 redundancies. The official receiver is still paying 931 staff to help with the wind down. But the Hayses now want to recruit around 2,500 of those who have lost their jobs, quadrupling the size of their business in the process.

It’s a daunting prospect but the reality is that the couple behind this family-run operation, which unlike Thomas Cook is profitable and free of debt, are nobody’s fools.

“My husband is a clever boy, he’s got a brain the size of an elephant,” says Irene, 65, who chairs the business.

The evidence from the last few weeks – and their four decades in business – suggests she and her husband know exactly what they are doing. In the final stage of negotiations, they triumphed over two US private equity companies to take control of Thomas Cook’s high street network for an undisclosed sum.

More here:

A group of Thomas Cook cabin crew have arrived at parliament too, to hear Fankhauser and ex-colleagues questioned.

Yesterday, ITV published the letter which the Department for Transport sent to Thomas Cook on 22nd September - explaining that it wouldn’t provide financial assistance.

The letter explained that government intervention would “creates a significant precedent risk to the private sector in future restructurings.”

In other words, more struggling companies would demand similar help in future.... so it was better to let market forces take their course, even at the cost of thousands of jobs and major disruption for holidaymakers. More here.

Peter Fankhauser, former CEO of Thomas Cook, has arrived at parliament for the Thomas Cook inquiry, where he was collared by journalists.

Joel Hills of ITV News is there, and reports that Fankhauser said he is “still devastated”, and “deeply regret” not saving the company.

Some early reaction to the Woodford news:

Ah. Neil Woodford has said he “cannot accept” the closure of his flagship fund this morning.

He claims it isn’t in the “long-term interests” of investors in Woodford Equity Income, and blamed the decision on Link (the fund’s administrators).

Link, though, feared another dash to the exits if the fund had been unfrozen, giving investors the option to cash out.

LFS has concluded that an orderly realisation of the fund’s assets allows the return of money through interim payments to investors more quickly than if the fund had remained suspended for a longer period of time.

Woodford equity income fund to be wound up

Big investment news this morning: Neil Woodford’s £3.5bn flagship fund is being wound up and the cash (what’s left of it) returned to investors.

The former star fund manager has effectively been sacked by the administrators of the fund, Link Asset Services.

The fund has been frozen since 3 June; it was suspended after investors scrambled to get their money out after a series of Woodford investments performed badly.

Woodford had been trying to rebalance the fund, out of illiquid assets and into more easily traded ones, so that it could be reopened -- and charging £65,000 per day in management fees.

Link, though, has concluded that it’s better to wind the whole thing up -- another blow to Woodford’s reputation.

Thomas Cook’s collapse ruined many people’s holiday plans, and left many thousands more facing delays and uncertainty as they tried to get home.

But there was a happy ending for one couple, Sharon Cook and Andrew Aitchison of Liverpool. They has booked Thomas Cook to fly them to Las Vegas for their wedding, and were facing having to cancel -- ruining a year’s planning.

Fortunately Delta Airlines and Caesars Palace came to their rescue by arranging new flights.... only for rock singer Sir Rod Stewart to appear for a surprise performance at the ceremony.

If only Thomas Cook had such a happy ending....

Ever helpful, the Guardian have drawn up some crucial questions for MPs to ask Thomas Cook this morning.

  • Will executives hand back bonuses?
  • How did the business rack up £1.2bn of debt?
  • Who knew what – and for how long – about the company’s problems?
  • Could Thomas Cook have been saved?
  • Should the UK government have bailed it out?
  • Is the package holiday doomed?

Here’s the terms of reference of the Thomas Cook inquiry:

  • The management, governance and stewardship of Thomas Cook Group plc;
  • The remuneration policy and practice of Thomas Cook Group plc;
  • The accounting practices of Thomas Cook Group plc and the audits conducted by PwC and EY;
  • The role of regulators such as the Financial Reporting Council and Insolvency Service following Thomas Cook Group plc’s collapse;
  • The impact of the collapse of Thomas Cook Group plc on small businesses and suppliers, and the support available

Introduction: MPs to grill Thomas Cook bosses

Good morning, and welcome to our rolling coverage of the world economy, the financial markets, the eurozone and business.

Why did the world’s oldest travel company collapse? Why didn’t a rescue plan work? Who is to blame?

A committee of MPs will seek answers to these questions today when they grill some of the former top executives from Thomas Cook, which lurched into liquidation three weeks ago.

The business committee will hear from five senior figures today including Peter Fankhauser, who was running Thomas Cook when it collapsed on 23 September, triggering the largest repatriation of UK holidaymakers ever.

The committee say:

Tuesday morning’s evidence hearing is expected to focus on questions around Thomas Cook’s rescue plan, corporate governance and the role of the Thomas Cook board, the debt taken on by the company, accounting practices, and the setting of CEO pay.

Fankhauser has already said he’s “devastated” and “deeply sorry” for the demise of the company – and we may hear fresh contrition this morning.

But Thomas Cook’s former top brass may also blame the government for not providing vital financial help. A £1.1bn rescue deal has been on the table, but vanished when the company couldn’t raise another £200m

Thomas Cook’s executives are already facing calls to return some of the large pay and bonus packages they received in recent years.

Fankhauser, and his two predecessors Manny Fontenla-Novoa and Harriet Green, received more than £35m in pay and bonuses between them over the last 12 years. Surely this money should be returned?

But this may not happen – due to a two-year limit on the “clawback” powers written into the contract of directors, if they are deemed responsible for the firm’s financial downturn.

My colleague Rob Davies explains:

Peter Fankhauser was paid £8.4m during his tenure as chief executive at Thomas Cook, including £4.6m in bonuses, but the majority was paid in shares that he did not sell and are now worthless. Of the remainder, only one year’s cash bonus falls within the two-year clawback limit, meaning the maximum he could be forced to return is £558,000.

The same applies to former finance director Michael Healy, who could only be forced to give back £465,000, a combined total of just over £1m.

That is less than the £1.5m than the Civil Aviation Authority is understood to have collected from Thomas Cook for providing advisors in the year leading up to its failure.

Here’s the details of the hearing, in the Grimond Room at Portcullis House, Westminster:

Witnesses:

  • Peter Fankhauser, former Thomas Cook CEO
  • Frank Meysman, former Chairman
  • Sten Daugaard, former Chief Financial Officer
  • Martine Verluyten, former Chair of Audit Committee
  • Warren Tucker, former Chair of Remuneration Committee

The committee are planning to hear from Thomas Cook’s auditors next week, with Fontenla-Novoa and Green also expected to be questioned soon.

Also coming up today

Bank of England governor Mark Carney is appearing before the Treasury committee to discuss financial stability this morning, and can expect plenty of questions about Brexit and trade wars. That session clashes with the Thomas Cook one, but we’ll keep an eye on both.

New UK unemployment data is expected to show the jobless rate remained at 3.8% in the last quarter, very low by historic standards. But basic pay growth may have slowed to 3.7%, from 3.8% a month ago.

The International Monetary Fund publishes its latest World Economic Outlook later today. Its new boss, Kristalina Georgieva, has already said growth forecasts will be cut.

The agenda

  • 9am BST: BEIS Committee hearing into the collapse of Thomas Cook
  • 9.30am BST: Treasury Committee hearing with the Bank of England
  • 9.30am BST: UK unemployment report.
  • 2pm BST: IMF to publish its World Economic Outlook

Updated

 

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