And finally, the London stock market has ended a fairly uneventful day with many stocks little changed.
The FTSE 100 closed 2 point higher, or 0.03%, at 7216 - a really small move. Miners, utility companies, telecoms firms and healthcare stocks rose, but tech, energy and financial stocks fell.
JD Sports dragged teh index down, shedding almost 10% after its majority shareholder, Pentland, cut its stake.
Other European markets ended the day a little higher.
David Madden of CMC Markets explains:
The US-China trade situation is still at the forefront of traders’ minds. The Sunday deadline in relation to the US tariffs on $150 billion worth of Chinese imports is looming, and the lack of clarity has brought about low volatility in stocks. When it comes to the trade saga, it’s the same old story – there is talk the planned tariffs will be deferred.
It is possible the US might not slap on new levies, but in return they will be looking for Beijing to pledge to ramp up agricultural purchases.
Maybe we’ll learn more tomorrow, as Britain heads to the polls. Until then, goodnight! GW
Newsflash: The oil price is falling sharply, following a surprise rise in US crude stocks.
US oil inventories rose by 822,000 barrels, defying expectations of a 2.8m drop.
That suggests weaker demand for energy - not what Aramco wants to hear today!
In response, Brent crude has dropped by $1 per barrel, from $64.26 to $63.22.
Astonishingly, Saudi Aramco is now worth more than the combined value of every company on Germany’s DAX index.
We mentioned earlier that only 1.5% of Aramco’s shares were floated.
That boosts the company’s value in two ways. First it creates scarcity, so investors who HAVE to own the company (such as a tracker fund) pay more.
Second, small flows into (or out of) the stock will have disproportionate impact on the overall market capitalisation, compared to a typical IPO where more shares are in public hands.
Bloomberg have written a nice piece about how Wall Street put a spanner into the wheels of the Aramco IPO, by refusing to accept that it could be worth $2trn.
Given the international wariness over Aramco, Saudi officials are clearly pleased to have pulled off the float.
Energy minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman says it is ‘vindication’ for the authorities:
“It’s a great day for Saudi Arabia and the leadership of Saudi Arabia and for the people of Saudi Arabia.
It’s a D-Day for Aramco, it’s a day of reckoning and vindication.”
The Saudi stock market has now closed, with Aramco finishing its first day exactly 10% higher (the maximum daily move at 35.2 riyals.
That lifts its valuation from $1.7trn to $1.87trn.
If Aramco surges by another 10% on the next trading session, on Thursday, it would become the first company to be valued at $2trn.
Updated
US inflation hits one-year high
NEWSFLASH: US inflation has hit its highest level in a year.
Consumer prices rose by 2.1% per year in November, up from 1.8% in October, partly due to rises in energy, rent and gasoline bills.
Prices rose 0.3% month-on-month, suggesting inflationary pressures may be building... following three US interest rate cuts in recent months.
Core inflation, which strips out volatile items, remained at 2.3%.
Pre-election jitters also appear to be hitting UK stocks.
The FTSE 250 index of medium-sized listed companies is down 1% today, with every sector in the red. It’s a better barometer of UK economic prospects than the FTSE 100 (which is broadly unchanged today).
The possibility of another hung parliament is keeping a lid on the pound today.
Sterling is unchanged today at $1.315 against the US dollar, having fallen sharply from around $1.32 when last night’s YouGov poll showed the Conservative’s likely majority had shrunk.
Fiona Cincotta of City Index says:
The sharp selloff in the pound gives us a taste of what could be to come. Should the Conservatives win an overall majority, sterling gains are expected to be less pronounced than in the case of a hung Parliament or a Corbyn victory.
These are outcomes which are considered less market friendly either due to the Brexit impasse continuing or in the case of a Labour government, economic policy concerns. There would be a less pronounced gain on a Tory majority because the market is anticipating this outcome; a market friendly outcome.
Chart: The world's most valuable companies
Aramco has broken the US and China’s grip on the chart of biggest companies, going straight in at number one.
Most of the rest of the top 10 are tech stocks, along with Wall Street giant JP Morgan and Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway group.
Aramco is now TWICE as valuable as Amazon, the e-commerce giant (currently worth $862bn).
And this morning, Amazon’s efforts to take a stake in food delivery group Deliveroo have taken a knock - regulators think the plan would hurt customers.
Aramco’s sparkling market debut is “a piece of rare good news for Bin Salman’s embattled project to transform his country’s society and economy”.
That’s according to the Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre, which writes:
One of the major obstacles for Aramco was the very high valuation at $2 trillion, which officials were forced to bring down to $1.7 trillion.
Early evidence of trading suggests that this $2 trillion mark will be reached, helping to provide some of the funds the Saudi royal family needs to wean the country off its oil dependence
Jasper Lawler of London Capital Group suspects Aramco may struggle to justify its huge valuation, as the world moves beyond fossil fuels:
A listing in Riyadh with mostly domestic investors doesn’t have the prestige of an international listing in New York or London. But there is no denying the numbers. Saudi Arabia has made its mark in public markets.
The listing was over four times subscribed so the first day always looked like it was going to be strong. Whether enthusiasm holds up longer term will in part rest upon the host nation’s ability to stay relevant for the world’s future energy needs. The oil industry needs to adapt to higher supply from the United States and calls for lower fossil fuel use because of climate change. Given the challengers, it is not impossible that this is the high watermark for Aramco.
Back in the UK, holiday and insurance group Saga has turned to the former boss of fashion chain SuperDry.
Saga, which targets over-50s consumers, hopes that Euan Sutherland (42) can revitalise its fortunes after seeing shares tumble this year.
He certainly has a record for shaking things up, as Jasper Jolly writes:
Saga will be the latest struggling company on Sutherland’s CV. In 2013 he was appointed as the boss of the Co-operative Group but quit after 10 months. He had reportedly earned the moniker “Pol Pot”, after the Cambodian dictator, from colleagues who thought he was pushing for change too quickly.
Sutherland has previously also served as head of the DIY retailer B&Q and is on the board of the Robinson’s drinks maker, Britvic.
Aramco’s stock hasn’t shifted since it surged 10%, the maximum allowed, at the start of trading.
That suggests there’s still strong buying interest among investors in Riyadh, so the stock could rally again tomorrow.
Full story: Aramco shares surge on market debut
Here’s my colleague Jasper Jolly on the Aramco float:
Saudi Aramco has become the world’s largest listed company, as shares in the state-backed oil producer rose by 10% on its stock market debut in Riyadh.
The company’s market valuation reached $1.88tn in early trading, amid a push from the Saudi Arabian government to reach the $2tn market value coveted by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, known as MbS.
However, the valuation means Aramco – which also has the distinction of being the biggest corporate contributor to carbon dioxide pollution in history – is already worth more than the next five largest oil companies, ExxonMobil, Total, Royal Dutch Shell, Chevron and BP, combined.
Shares in Aramco, officially called the Saudi Arabian Oil Company, rose by 10% in initial trading to a price of 35.2 riyal each, up from the 32 riyal float price, according to Refinitiv. The shares, which trade under the 2222 ticker, are subject to a 10% daily price fluctuation limit.
Saudi Aramco executives, including the chief executive, Amin Nasser, and the head of the Saudi sovereign wealth fund, were showered with gold ticker tape in a ceremony at the Tadawul, the Saudi stock exchange in Riyadh, as they signed documents on stage after an extended opening auction.
The oil company raised a record $25.6bn from an initial public offering managed by Goldman Sachs but investors were only able to buy a paltry 1.5% of the company.....
More here:
Saudi: We'll use IPO funds to support economy
Saudi Arabia’s finance minister has claimed that the Aramco float will help the Kingdom break its dependency on oil, and develop its economy.
Finance Minister Mohammed al-Jadaan told Reuters that the most of the $25.6bn raised through the IPO will go to Saudi’s sovereign wealth fund (PIF), which is trying to diversify its economy.
“The proceeds will be used largely, maybe not totally, in the local economy, in projects where the PIF will be the first mover which then basically pulls more private sector participation ... so the money will remain in the system mostly.”
Saudi Arabia’s economy did slow sharply this year, so it’s a good time to be investing in growth-friendly measures.
But, as most of the shares were sold to local investors, the IPO hasn’t actually pulled in much foreign capital to stimulate its economy.
Here’s a reminder that Saudi Arabia has only sold a tiny slice of Aramco, just 1.5% of its stock.
Professor John Colley, Associate Dean at Warwick Business School, reckons Aramco’s value will keep rising.... perhaps thanks to allies of the Saudi royal family:
“One senses that the Crown Prince will get his own way in the end with a $2 trillion valuation for Saudi Aramco.
“It has been his determination since the very idea of an IPO was mooted. Despite much contrary advice from his advisors that the business was only worth between $1.2 and $1.5 trillion, he has pressed ahead.
“They have had to launch the IPO on their own stock exchange as the valuation was unlikely to be achieved elsewhere. Tax and dividend arrangements have also been changed to make it more attractive.
“However, a surging price on launch suggests that buying may be from those affiliated to the crown prince. After all, if this IPO goes well there will be further Aramco issues which will no doubt produce major fees for advisors.”
Aramco’s role as the top CO2 producer could (indeed should) deter some investors from taking a stake, if they take the climate emergency seriously.
Andy Critchlow of S&P Global Platts says fund managers will have environmental, social and corporate governance concerns:
Updated
The boss of Aramco, Amin Nasser, is understandably happy about today’s float.
CNBC’s Emma Graham reports:
As well as being the world’s most valuable company, Aramco is also one of the biggest contributors to the climate crisis.
Aramco heads the list of the 20 fossil fuel companies who have created more than one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions in the modern era.
Indeed, the Saudi oil giant has produced 4.38% of the global CO2 emissions since 1965, as the Guardian showed two months ago.
Photos: Aramco's huge float
One of the best things about floating a company (apart from getting all that money) is being allowed to ring the opening bell.
And Aramco certainly got the full works this morning, at a ceremony to mark its debut on the Tadawul:
Here’s Associated Press’s take:
Saudi Arabia’s oil company Aramco is listed and started trading on the Saudi Tadawul stock exchange on Wednesday for the first time after a mammoth $25.6 billion initial public offering that set the record as the biggest ever in history.
The state-owned company had announced a sale of 1.5% of its shares at 32 Saudi riyals a share, or what is $8.53.
At pre-trading auction earlier in the morning, Saudi Aramco’s shares reached 35.2 riyals, or $9.39 a share, according to Saudi state TV. That’s an increase of 10%, hitting the regulatory cap on daily increases or decreases for the stock. That pushes the company’s value up to $1.88 trillion.
Bloomberg’s Javier Blas points out that Aramco’s float is being driven by local demand, with overseas investors keeping away....
Saudi Aramco is now worth $1.87 trillion, based on this morning’s spike.
The chairwoman of the Saudi stock market has confirmed that Aramco has become the world’s largest listed company.
Reuters has more details:
Sarah al-Suhaimi was speaking at a ceremony marking the initial public offering (IPO) of the stock on the exchange in Riyadh.
She added that the exchange will also become one of the world’s largest due to the listing.
ARAMCO BECOMES WORLD'S BIGGEST LISTED COMPANY
Boom! Aramco’s shares have opened 10% higher as investors in Saudi Arabia rush to buy shares in the oil giant.
This has driven the stock up to 35.2 riyals, the maximum move allowed, up from the 32 riyal IPO price.
That’s a solid start, confirming Aramco as the world’s most valuable listed company behind Apple.
The word on the Tadawul trading floor is that Aramco’s stock could indeed spike by 10% once the pre-market auction gets underway.....
Given the importance of Aramco to the Saudi authorities, it’s quite likely that today’s IPO will go well.
As Zachary Cefaratti, chief executive officer at Dalma Capital Management Ltd, told Bloomberg:
“It’s likely that we will see Aramco bid up to $2 trillion [valuation] or higher in the first days of trading, and potentially to trade limit up on the first day.
It’s worth noting that shares on the Saudi stock market are only allowed to rise or fall by 10% per day. There’s a limit to how well, or badly, Aramco can do.
Updated
Introduction: Saudi Aramco float is underway!
Good morning, and welcome to our rolling coverage of the world economy, the financial markets, the eurozone and business.
It’s a massive day on the Saudi stock market as oil giant Aramco finally makes its debut -- becoming the biggest listed company in the world.
Saudi Aramco is floating today, after raising $25.6bn through its sometime troubled IPO. That valued the company at $1.7trillion - even more than Apple ($1.2 trillion).
The opening auction on the Tadawul is underway as I type, so we’ll soon know if the float is a success.
If Aramco’s shares rally today, then the $2trillion valuation craved by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman could be in sight again.
But it’s an usual float - just 1.5% of Aramco’s stock is actually floating. The rest is owned by the Saudi state.
That scarcity could help push the stock higher, after international investors proved reluctant to back the IPO.
Human rights concerns, the climate crisis, and corporate government concerns all forced the Saudis to rein in their ambitious plans for the float, and restrict it to Middle East investors.
As my colleague Jillian Ambrose explains:
It was originally expected to sell about 5% through a dual-listing on the Saudi market and on a major international stock exchange.
The IPO lost the support of international investors, which are sceptical of the company’s valuation. Investors are also wary of Aramco’s close ties to the Saudi regime, which is embroiled in geopolitical conflict and whose behaviour has raised human rights concerns.
Among local investors demand for Aramco shares was almost three times oversubscribed after the Saudi government encouraged Middle Eastern investors and wealthy Saudi families to support the IPO.
Aramco’s shares were sold at 32 riyals each. The stock should start trading soon, so we’ll see if it spikes or slides.....
Also coming up today
The City is becoming more anxious about tomorrow’s general election.
A closely-watched poll from YouGov showed Boris Johnson’s likely majority has narrowed - from 68 seats to just 28. A hung parliament is still a real possibility, which knocked sterling a little last night.
The pound is trading around $1.3135 this morning, having hit $1.32 last night (before YouGov hit the wires).
Plus, America’s central bank is holding its last (scheduled) meeting of 2019, but we’re not expecting fireworks.
The agenda
- 1.30pm GMT: US inflation: Expected to rise to 2.0% per year, from 1.8%
- 3.30pm GMT: US weekly oil inventories
- 7pm GMT: US Federal Reserve decision: expected to leave interest rates unchanged
Updated