Summary
Time for a quick recap
Eurozone GDP only expanded by 0.1% in October-December, down from 0.3% in July-September. It’s the weakest performance since 2013, and raises the prospect that some countries will fall into recession this year.
France disappointed, with GDP falling by 0.1% in Q4. Finance minister Bruno Le Maire blamed the protests that have hurt its economy in recent months.
Italy was another laggard, shrinking by 0.3%. But Spain outperformed its neighbours, growing by 0.5%.
Economists have warned that the eurozone could struggle this year, having been wounded by trade conflicts in recent quarters.
But there are brighter signs in the UK, with mortgage approvals rising sharply in December.
Global stock markets are falling again today, as the coronavirus crisis continues to alarm investors.
Goldman Sachs has predicted that the efforts to contain the virus will knock China’s growth down to 5.5% this year, from 5.9%, with a small impact on the US economy too.
Britain’s friends over the channel are threatening to block the rescue of British Steel.
The French government aren’t happy about China’s Jingy Group buying British Steel - which owns a factory making steel tracks for France’s railways.
Not a great advert for entante cordials after Brexit (due in 8 hours...)
Brexit uncertainty may has hurt UK productivity and investment, and held back growth, but it hasn’t harmed David Cameron’s bank balance....
Coronavirus fears have hit Wall Street again.
The Dow Jones industrial average has fallen by 264 points, or 0.9%, to 28,595 points.
Energy firms Exxon Mobile and Chevron are leading the fallers. The oil price has been hit by forecasts of lower growth due to the epidemic which reached the UK today .
The S&P 500 has lost 0.5%, and the tech-focused Nasdaq is 0.4% lower.
Brad Bechtel of Jefferies reckons the market reaction is overdone:
The steady drumbeat of negative headlines combined with government reactions to the spread of the virus is still roiling markets a bit and it’s hard for markets to find that stability. It still feels like there is a lot of cash on the sidelines looking to buy the dip it’sjust a matter of timing it appropriately. The idea that this virus is nowhere near as deadly as the common flu in the US was sort of helping calm the situation and yet we still are seeing reactions in the market on every new person infected or passing away.
Understand the fear around the spread of the virus but the market reaction is a bit strange to me still. The reactions of governments has been extreme and will be costly, that is important for markets, but to shake the mighty S&P in the face of such powerful earnings from US companies is a bit of a head scratcher.
Newsflash: Airline manufacturer Airbus has ben hit with fines totalling €3.592 to cover a series of bribery cases.
France’s financial prosecutor has just announced the penalties, which include more than €2bn to settle corruption charges in France.
The planemaker has been investigated by French and British authorities for suspected corruption over jet sales dating back over a decade. It has also faced U.S. investigations over suspected violations of export controls.
Back in the City, investment services platform Hargeaves Lansdown are the biggest FTSE 100 faller, down almost 7%.
HL reported that its net new business declined 9% year-on-year in the last quarter. That’s partly due to the scandal around Neil Woodford’s funds, which HL had promoted as “best buy” options.
“Best avoid” would have been better advice, given the huge losses which investors face.
HL’s CEO, Chris Hill, says it has been a tough few months:
The external market was challenging in the second half of 2019, with political uncertainty, a General Election in the UK, Brexit and world trade tariffs all raising concerns. As we have seen in previous unpredictable periods, client confidence and retail investment flows were affected.
The Investment Association reported weak retail fund flows throughout and the suspension of the two Woodford funds also contributed to the general unease.
Paul Mumford, fund manager at Cavendish Asset Management, suggests 2020 will also be bumpy for Hargeaves Lansdown:
What price Neil Woodword? Well so far the problems haven’t revealed themselves. The loss of new business must be a worry, especially if it’s linked to a loss of trust as a result of the company’s role in the Woodford scandal. Unfortunately the post-mortem of that debacle has only just begun. With the Woodford fund distribution guidelines announced recently, they’re back under the microscope.
“For Hargreaves you’d expect to see at least a fine from the FCA, and perhaps even a class action lawsuit from shareholders. How that will affect their business remains to be seen. It could be a very long year ahead for the company.”
French finance minister blames strikes
France’s finance minister has blamed the industrial action and protests against the French government for the slump in growth in the last quarter.
Insisting that the underlying economy is strong, Le Maire says:
“This temporary slowdown does not call into question the fundamentals of French growth, which are solid.
We are nonetheless particularly vigilant of international uncertainties.”
Le Maire has a point - as explained earlier, consumer spending and investment was still positive. The 0.1% drop in growth was due to businesses running down inventories.
But, if those firms remain nervous, they could move onto cutting orders and axing staff....
Updated
Capital Economics are also gloomy -- predicting that 2020 will be a weaker year than hoped.
“The fourth-quarter GDP and January consumer prices data published today support our view that Eurozone growth and inflation will be weaker this year than most expect.
This underlies our forecast that the European Central Bank will eventually be forced to loosen policy further, perhaps in the second half of the year.”
Economist: Spectre of recession stalks eurozone again
Christoph Weil, economist at Commerzbank, reckons the European Central Bank will be very concerned by the eurozone slowdown - which could spur it into more stimulus measures.
Weil says (via the FT):
“The spectre of recession is back.
“Economic growth in the eurozone came to a virtual standstill at the end of the year . . . The ECB is likely to view this with concern.”
Updated
The eurozone growth slump is partly due to Donald Trump trade wars, says Barret Kupelian, senior economist at PwC.
This disappointing performance was not entirely unexpected, given that the Eurozone has been one of the economies most impacted by international trade disputes.
While we don’t have a full national breakdown of the headline growth rate, some statistical agencies released estimates of the national GDP growth rate. In France, the economy shrunk by 0.1% quarter-on-quarter. However, without the inventory effect French GDP would have grown by 0.3% quarter on quarter. The Italian economy contracted in the last quarter of 2019, meaning that it didn’t grow at all last year. But in contrast, Spain continued to grow in the fourth quarter, translating to an annual GDP growth figure of 2%.
We don’t yet know how the UK fared in the last quarter; the most recent figures show 0.1% growth in September-November.
But Kupelian points out that the eurozone has actually outperformed the UK since the Brexit vote -- as Britain “missed out on the synchronised upswing in economic activity in 2016/17.”
Weak growth and coronavirus fears hit markets
European stock markets are sliding again today, hit by the unexpectedly weak growth figures and the ongoing coronavirus crisis.
Every index is down, led by Italy (down 1.4%) and Spain (-1%).
In London, the FTSE 100 is also suffering, down 60 points or 0.8% to a six-week low.
The news that Britain now has two coronavirus cases is also worrying traders (and the rest of the public too, I suspect).
Josie Dent, Senior Economist at the CEBR, points out that France and Italy are now half-way into recession following their contractions last quarter.
The eurozone economy scraped through with positive growth of just 0.1% at the end of 2019. Major economies, including France and Italy recorded contractions in Q4, and politicians in these countries will be anxious for GDP growth to return, as further contractions in Q1 would put the countries in a technical recession.
However, a glimmer of home comes from the pick-up in inflation, which suggests that demand for goods and services could have risen at the start of 2020.”
Reuters: Euro zone GDP falls short of expectations, inflation picks up
Here’s Reuters’ take on today’s growth reports:
Euro zone economic growth was slower than expected in the last three months of 2019, a first estimate showed on Friday, while inflation in January picked up in line with expectations thanks to a jump in prices of food, alcohol and tobacco and energy.
The European Union’s statistics office Eurostat said gross domestic product in the 19 countries sharing the euro rose 0.1% quarter-on-quarter for a 1.0% year-on-year gain.
Economists polled by Reuters had expected a 0.2% quarterly and a 1.1% annual increase.
Separately, Eurostat said consumer prices fell 1.0% month-on-month in January for a 1.4% year-on-year rise, accelerating from a 1.3% rate in December and 1.0% in November.
However, the pick-up in headline price growth was mainly due to a jump in the volatile prices of food, alcohol and tobacco which rose 2.2% year-on-year. Energy prices were also up 1.8%.
Without unprocessed food and energy, what the European Central Bank calls core inflation, prices grew 1.3% year-on-year, decelerating from 1.4% in December.
An even narrower inflation measure watched by many market economists also excluding alcohol and tobacco prices which can move due to excise tax changes, decelerated even more to 1.1% from 1.3% in December in year-on-year terms.
The ECB wants to keep inflation below but close to 2% over the medium term but has been struggling for years to spur faster price growth despite its programme of government bond buying on the market to inject more cash into the economy.
In another blow to households, inflation across the eurozone has picked up.
Consumer prices rose by 1.4% year-on-year in December, up from 1.3%, due to rising food, alcohol and tobacco prices.
Some snap reaction to the eurozone slowdown:
Eurozone growth slows sharply
Newsflash: Growth across the eurozone, and the European Union, slowed sharply in the last quarter.
Eurozone and EU GDP both only rose by 0.1% in October-December, down from 0.3% in July-September, dragged down by Italy (-0.3%) and France (-0.1%).
Economists had expected the eurozone to grow by 0.2% in the last quarter, in the face of weak global growth and trade tensions.
On an annual basis, the eurozone economy is only 1% larger than a year ago -- a weak performance.
We don’t yet know how Germany, the region’s biggest economy, performed - that data comes out next month, as does UK GDP.
Eurostat, which compiles the survey, adds:
According to a first estimation of annual growth for 2019, based on quarterly data, GDP grew by 1.2% in the euro area and 1.4% in the EU28.
Updated
UK mortgage approvals rise
In a fresh sign of a Boris Bounce, UK mortgage approvals have hit their highest level since mid-2017.
Some 67,241 mortgages were signed off in December, up from 65,514 in November, and higher than expected. That may show the housing market is heating up, after being dragged back by Brexit uncertainty and political deadlock.
City news: Aston Martin has been rescued in a £500m deal, partly funded by billionaire Lawrence Stroll.
As part of the deal, the luxury carmaker will enter Formula One (where Stroll’s son Lance currently wizzes about).
Aston Martin is also tapping up its long-suffering shareholders through a rights issue, letting them buy new stock at £4 -- compared to the £19 they paid when it floated in 2018. Hopefully Aston Martin’s new F1 cars will do a little better.
Updated
While Europe’s economies stumble, the British pound is enjoying a little rally as the Brexit hour approaches.
Sterling is up around 0.3% this morning, hitting €1.192 against the euro for the first time since mid-December.
The pound is benefitting from yesterday’s Bank of England decision to leave interest rates on hold, dashing expectations of a cut.
Traders are also looking ahead to the UK’s trade negotiations. Prime minister Boris Johnson is expected to indicate on Monday that he will push for a basic trade deal based on that between the EU and Canada. Such a deal could be easier to agree by the end of the transition period in December.
But Downing Street has been warned that another crucial deal, with America, will be tricky.Kim Darroch, the outgoing British ambassador to Washington, has told the Guardian that Donald Trump will demand higher NHS drugs prices -- and questioned whether the UK can really negotiate with the US and EU at the same time....
Italy also shrinking
Newsflash: Italy’s economy has also contracted, raising further concerns over the health of the eurozone.
Italian GDP shrank by 0.3% in the final three months of 2019, new figures show. That’s the worst quarterly performance since early 2013.
ISTAT, Italy’s statistics body, blamed weak domestic demand, with industry and agriculture shrinking and services broadly flat.
Economists had expected the economy to stagnate, but not actually shrink, so this is a blow to Rome.
On a year-on-year basis, GDP was unchanged compared to the fourth quarter of 2018 - further highlighting Italy’s weak economy.
With France also shrinking, this is turning into a bad morning for the eurozone....
Asia-Pacific stock markets have suffered fresh losses today, as traders continue to be gripped by coronavirus fears.
South Korea’s KOSPI index continued to bear the brunt, down another 1.3% -- having lost around 2.8% on both Wednesday and Thursday following the Lunar new year.
With China’s markets still shut, Hong Kong lost another 0.5%.
Japan, though, rallied 0.5% - but still posted its worst weak in six months.
It may not be all bad news for France.
Derek Halpenny of MUFG suggests growth could pick up this quarter, if firms restock after running down their inventories at the end of 2019:
France confirmed this morning that the economy contracted in Q4 – real GDP fell 0.1% Q/Q, well below the consensus +0.2%. The good news however is that the downside surprise reflected an inventory liquidation – excluding inventories real GDP would have expanded by 0.3% Q/Q. So we may see that growth come back in Q1.
Better news: Spain’s economy has grown by 0.5% in the last quarter of 2019
That’s up from 0.4% in Q3, partly making up for France’s decline.
Today’s weak French GDP report is a blow to Emmanuel Macron, says Bloomberg:
Gross domestic product in the region’s second-largest economy fell 0.1% in the fourth quarter amid a decline in exports and a huge drag from inventories. All of the economists surveyed by Bloomberg had predicted growth. Without the inventory effect, growth would have been about 0.3%, according to Bloomberg Economics.
Still, the contraction is a sting for Macron, who’s already facing mass protests and strikes against his pension reforms, and which have disrupted household spending. His government has repeatedly pointed to France’s relative strength in Europe as a sign his reforms of taxes and labor laws are working.
European economists are disappointed to see that France’s economy has contracted.
UBS’s Filip Lipev says the GDP data is worst than expected, due to weak domestic demand....and a bad start to the day.
Ludovic Subran, chief economist at Allianz, blames the anti-government strikes that have gripped Paris for many months:
Introduction: France is shrinking
Good morning, and welcome to our rolling coverage of the world economy, the financial markets, the eurozone and business.
France’s economy has suffered a shock contraction, raising fresh concerns about the heart of the Eurozone — on the day Britain leaves the EU.
French GDP contracted by 0.1% in the fourth quarter of 2019, new figures from statistics body INSEE show. That’s down from 0.3% growth in July-September, and much worse than the 0.2% forecast.
The decline was driven by a slowdown in consumer spending, and a sharp drop in business investment growth.. Companies also ran down their inventory stocks, suggesting nervousness about the future.
Imports and exports both declined -- a worrying sign for the health of the economy.
President Macron will surely be concerned -- this is the first time France’s economy has contacted since he took office.
INSES says:
Household consumption expenditures slowed down slightly (+0.2% after +0.4%), and total gross fixed capital formation decelerated in a more pronounced manner (GFCF: +0.3% after +1.3%). Overall, final domestic demand excluding inventory changes slowed down compared with the previous quarter: it contributed to +0.3 points to GDP growth, after +0.7 points.
Imports fell back this quarter (–0.2% after +0.6%) as well as exports (–0.2% after –0.3%). All in all, the contribution of foreign trade balance to GDP growth was zero, after a negative contribution (–0.3 points) in the previous quarter. Changes in inventories contributed negatively to GDP growth (–0.4 points after –0.1 points).
France is the first major European country to post GDP figures for the last quarter, so this is a worrying sign - especially as Germany only narrowly avoided recession last year.
It means France’s economy only grew by 1.2% in 2019, down from 1.7% in 2018.
We’ll find out later this morning how Italy fared, and then how the overall eurozone performed during the last quarter.
Reaction to follow....
The agenda
- 9am GMT: First estimate of Italian GDP for Q4 2019
- 9.30am GMT: UK mortgage approvals figures for December
- 10am GMT: First estimate of Eurozone GDP for Q4 2019
Updated