Maxwell Frost, the only gen Z member of Congress, was front and center when Joe Biden announced last week that he was canceling $1.2bn of student loan debt for more than 150,000 Americans.

“President Biden knows that canceling student debt is an important issue for young people across our country,” said Frost, who has been a surrogate for Biden’s campaign. “The president’s actions on student debt are in stark contrast with Donald Trump, who spent his entire time in office sabotaging efforts to aid borrowers who are just trying to make ends meet.”

Frost’s comments underline how much Biden wants young voters to know that he hasn’t given up on fixing student debt, even after the supreme court struck down his cancellation plan last summer.

But like some of Biden’s other most progressive policies convincing young voters that he has a decent track record on the issues – not least the war in Gaza – that will drive them to the ballot box is proving challenging.

“[Biden] coming to the table to talk about student debt forgiveness is a huge win ,” said Antonio Arellano, NextGen’s vice-president of communications.

“In America, young voters right now are the largest eligible voting bloc in modern American history, surpassing baby boomers. And they’re being very clear about where they stand,” Arellano said. “So it would be in the best interest of the administration to listen to the young people that are simply demanding humanitarian priorities and protections for folks that are just in the crosshairs of this greater war.”

When contrasted against Trump, Biden’s student loan policies appear decidedly progressive. Biden’s federal student loan program would have seen 43 million borrowers receive some relief, including up to $20,000 off loans for some borrowers. But the supreme court’s conservative majority, including the three justices appointed by Trump, struck down the plan last June.

The ruling was a blow to millions of borrowers across the country. An estimated 45 million Americans hold a total of $1.6tn in student loan debt.

“The fight is not over,” Biden vowed after the decision, noting that the “hypocrisy of Republican elected officials is stunning”.

Since then, Biden has kicked off several loan forgiveness measures along with piecemeal cancellations worth up to $138bn for 3.9 million borrowers. The most recent cancellation was targeted toward those who had borrowed $12,000 or less and have had their debt for at least 10 years. Many of these borrowers probably have much higher debts because of accumulated interest over the years.

The White House has been instituting “huge fixes to the broken student debt system. It’s not debt cancellation … but these are drastic changes”, said Natalia Abrams, president and founder of the Student Debt Crisis Center, a student borrower advocacy group.

Biden’s continued poor polling on student debt may be in part down to timing. Young voters may not be seeing the immediate relief themselves. Even if young low- and middle-income are on Biden’s new Save plan, which adjusts monthly payments based on a borrowers monthly income, those on the plan won’t see forgiveness after at least 20 years.

“They haven’t been borrowing for 10 years,” Abrams said. “I can see how young people, because they’re new to the lending system, feel left out … but [student debt] is impacting people of all ages.”

Student debt remains one of the biggest issues motivating young voters. The national youth-focused nonpartisan voter registration and education program NextGen says emails and call-outs about student debt get the most engagement on their site. But young voters see Biden’s policies on the issue in a wider context of other issues, particularly the Israel-Gaza war.

When the White House announced where Biden would be delivering a speech on his most recent student debt cancellation, it waited a day before to disclose the location, likely to avoid another one of the many pro-Palestinian protests that have interrupted his events for months.

“Doing a few good things here like canceling student debt and continuing on those promises [Biden] made won’t take away from a lot of bad things we’re doing elsewhere,” said Usamah Andrabi, communications director for the progressive political action committee Justice Democrats.

“Not to take away from the student debt crisis – that’s incredibly important. But canceling student debt does not make people forget that you are aiding and abetting the ethnic cleansing and murder of nearly 30,000 Palestinian people and supporting a far-right extremist government in Israel that is doing it,” Andrabi said.

Andrabi said addressing one outstanding issue while ignoring another is “almost patronizing” to young voters.

“To think that they would all of a sudden forget that millions of them have been in the streets for months demanding a ceasefire is insufficient. It hasn’t cleaned the slate for what has happened to the Palestinian people,” Andrabi said.

Many of the issues important to young voters – including student debt, climate justice, reproductive justice and the violence in Gaza – are “inseparable”, Andrabi argues. Financially contributing to the Israeli military while they drop bombs and rockets on the Gaza strip produce carbon emissions which heat the planet.

“We’re also seeing a reproductive health crisis in Gaza,” Andrabi said, referencing the tens of thousands of pregnancies in Gaza classified as high-risk due to the violence.

“It’s not that one issue is more important than the other – I think every voter has their own calculus. But to act like this is a completely separate issue for a group of voters would be incorrect, especially as we’re seeing so many of the same problems happen to the Palestinian people.”

Strategists say Biden is likely relying on young voters supporting him as the candidate against Trump, rather than for his own policies as president. That’s why some Democrats in Michigan, like the US congresswoman Rashida Tlaib, are pushing voters to protest his stance on the Israel-Gaza war by marking themselves as “uncommitted” in the upcoming primary.

“There’s a lot of frustration … and the administration not only needs to hear those concerns, but they need to feel them,” said Michael Starr Hopkins, a Democratic strategist. “One of the biggest mistakes they’ve made is not acknowledging people’s concern. They internalize them, but they don’t show externally that they’re taking it into consideration.”

Hopkins noted that Biden’s strength can be conveying empathy. “He is always better when he comes out and acknowledges people’s pain and suffering.”